This Environmental Product Declaration covers tconcrete pavers, slabs and kerbs product ranges manufactured by LEIER ROM S.R.L. exclusively within its designated production plants. The scope of this EPD encompasses the following specific product lines manufactured at the indicated facilities: Taverna, Taverna Gigant, Taverna Antik, Patio Antik, Castrum, Castrum Antik, Piazza, Unileier, Solido, Solido Eco, Serpentino, Verde, Esential, Rollo and Quadro, as well as the complementary concrete kerb lines These concrete elements are engineered for specialized indoor and outdoor configurations, spanning from private layouts to public spaces, roofing applications, and finishes for roads subject to pedestrian and vehicular traffic. The Leier concrete paving line is defined by a dual-layer engineered structure. As the core concrete mix, manufacturing methodology, and essential raw materials are identical across the production matrix for all covered pavers, slabs, and kerbs—regardless of the specific shape, layout, or color of the final units—the environmental impact results are presented for 1 ton (1,000 kg) of finished product. This declared unit provides a precise and scalable environmental assessment for any spatial layout, infrastructure boundary, or model configuration within the covered product ranges. Additionally, the Annex to this EPD presents the specific GWP (Global Warming Potential) values obtained individually for each of the manufacturing plants. Declared unit: 1 tonne (1000 kg) of Leier concrete pavers, slabs or kerbs TTechnical Characteristic Value / Property Reference Standard Concrete Pavers - EN 1338:2004 EN 1338/AC:2006 Concrete Slabs - EN 1339:2004 EN 1339/AC:2006 Reaction to Fire Class A1 EN 1339:2004 EN 1339/AC:2006 Tensile Splitting Strength Minimum 3.6 MPa EN 1338:2004 EN 1338/AC:2006 Bending Strength (Slabs) Class 3 Category U (Minimum 4 MPa) EN 1339:2004 EN 1339/AC:2006 Breaking Load (Slabs) Class 70 Category 7 EN 1339:2004 EN 1339/AC:2006 Water Absorption Class 2 Category B (Maximum 6%) EN 1338:2004 EN 1338/AC:2006 EN 1339:2004 EN 1339/AC:2006 Resistance to Wear Class 4 Marking I EN 1338:2004 EN 1338/AC:2006 EN 1339:2004 EN 1339/AC:2006 Freeze-Thaw Resistance Class 3 Marking D EN 1338:2004 EN 1338/AC:2006 EN 1339:2004 EN 1339/AC:2006 Construction and Materials Leier concrete paving elements are engineered using specialized, optimized concrete recipes to establish a highly durable double-layer configuration: - concrete load-bearing layer: formulated from optimized concrete to ensure high structural stability and resistance against vertical loads and mechanical stress. - surface wear layer: formulated with a minimum thickness of 4 mm utilizing high-purity sand to guarantee superior abrasion resistance and long-term protection against severe environmental conditions. Manufacturing and Sustainability The production process takes place across Leier's indicated concrete manufacturing plants in Romania, situated in Unirea village (Alba county), Câțcău village (Cluj county), Iași (Iași county), and Feldioara village (Brașov county), operating under standardized industrial protocols. The manufacturing process relies entirely on natural raw materials, establishing a clean, mineral-based ecological profile. Product Benefits Ecological water drainage: the structural design of the paved surfaces allows stormwater to naturally infiltrate the ground directly through the joints. This localized water management avoids overloading municipal sewer networks, mitigates surface flooding risks, and preserves the natural hydrological equilibrium and aeration of the soil. Microclimate preservation: thanks to the high thermal stability of the natural concrete composition, the paving elements absorb less solar radiation and heat up significantly less than conventional asphalt, optimizing the local urban microclimate. Longevity & Circular Economy: the inherent structural durability of the concrete layout provides high resistance to frost, wear, and hydrocarbon actions. In the event of underground infrastructure or utility interventions, the paving units can be easily dismantled and completely reinstalled without damage, avoiding material disposal and eliminating the need for replacement resources. Precision & Execution Efficiency: the elements are manufactured to precise dimensional tolerances, ensuring quick installation, structural uniformity, and seamless surface expansions or completions at any time.Environmental Transparency: by providing certified data calculated per ton for the products manufactured at these locations, Leier enables architects, developers, and green building assessors to accurately compute the environmental footprint of customized project layouts to fulfill LEED, BREEAM, or other international certification requirements. Secure Delivery: finished paving and slab products are delivered securely on pallets, optimized for transport efficiency and vehicular loading from the regional production plants.