This EPD covers kiln-fired clay construction products manufactured at Dreadnought Works, Pensnett, United Kingdom. All products are produced from the same Etruria Marl clay body, extracted from the manufacturer’s own Hollybank Quarry, and manufactured using the identical process: preparation of the clay body, forming (extrusion or pressing), drying, and firing at approximately 1130 °C under equivalent manufacturing conditions. Only one product type is modelled in this EPD. The declared unit is 1 tonne of fired clay product. Because all products covered share the same material composition and the same manufacturing process, the environmental impacts per tonne are identical regardless of the final shape or size of the individual item. No averaging has been applied in this EPD. The products included are: - Class A engineering bricks (solid and perforated) - Clay pavers - Quarry tiles - Clay roof tiles with matching fittings - Brick slips - Special-shaped clay products These products are unambiguously identified as complying with the following standards (where applicable): - Clay masonry units: BS EN 771-1 - Clay pavers: BS EN 1344 - Clay quarry tiles: BS EN 14411 (Group A1b) - Clay roof tiles: BS EN 1304 The products are dense, long-life clay materials with low water absorption and high durability, achieved through the high-temperature firing process. Natural colour variations arise through the careful control of the kiln atmosphere; no surface coatings, stains or pigments are used. The products are intended for structural masonry, paving, flooring and roofing applications in buildings and civil engineering works, primarily in the United Kingdom, where long-term durability, frost resistance and low maintenance are required. The reference service life (RSL) of these products in typical applications is 150 years. Technical performance data in this EPD refer to testing according to the standards listed above.